Swot for Top Glove free essay sample

SWOT examination is a valuable device for comprehension and dynamic for a wide range of circumstances in business and association. SWOT investigation can be grouped into inside and outside elements influencing an organization. The Strengths and Weaknesses of the SWOT examination speak to the inside components that impact the feasibility of the organization. While the Opportunities and Threats, then again, are the outer variables that may influence the companys performances.A SWOT investigation gives all the more comprehension of the association comparable to its inside and outside condition with the goal that supervisor can figure better technique in quest for its crucial. Quality Top Glove Corporation has a biggest piece of the pie in glove industry. This organization creates a top notch gloves. Other than that, Top Glove Corporation is a worldwide nearness organization which they send out their item to in excess of 180 nations around the world. Top Glove Corporation has built up the Top Glove Foundation to enable, representatives dependent on merit, the penniless and the less lucky. We will compose a custom article test on Swot for Top Glove or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Top Glove Foundation gives their subsidizing to altruistic purposes, instruction by giving out grant and gives modern preparing and furthermore exercises corresponding to condition conservation. For instance, blood gift, Staff Eye Screening Program, Star NIE Donation and Bursa Rat Race. Simultaneously, they make a solid effort to limit the effect of their business exercises on the earth, at whatever point conceivable. As an end, Top Glove Corporation consistently guarantees them offering back to the general public and corporate social obligation.

The American Dream Reasearch Paper Free Essays

Zac Duncan Mrs. Slope English sixth February 3, 2013 Many individuals accept the American Dream today has blurred. It is no longer accomplished as frequently as before. We will compose a custom article test on The American Dream Reasearch Paper or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now In spite of the fact that acquiring the Dream has gotten troublesome, individuals still haven’t quit seeking after it. In spite of the impediments, the American Dream is still loaded with expectation and illumination both monetarily and inwardly. The American Dream is known for its positive implication, however there are numerous snags encompassing it. As per, â€Å"Obstacles to the American Dream†, by Eddy Isango, the Dream is hardest for workers. Numerous settlers have issues learning the English language. At the point when they show up it seems as though they need to start from the very beginning. Workers likewise don’t get state advantages, for example, human services and food stamps. They need to secure positions that give these to them, which is extreme with the absence of opening for work and increasing average cost for basic items in America. Monetary deterrents of the American Dream can be survived. Rieva Lesonsky urges individuals to get over these slopes by saying, â€Å"Acknowledge the hard times† (Lesonsky 1). Individuals accept the Dream is evolving. â€Å"Today, they state, the ‘dream’ is almost certain about making money†, (Lesonsky 1). Individuals have moved towards starting independent companies to accomplish their monetary dreams. These organizations, after some time, increment the income of the individuals. The American Dream is as yet filling the passionate needs of individuals. Jeremy Pratt has managed a learning inability his entire life, however doesn’t let this prevent him from accomplishing his fantasy as he says: ‘I’ve consistently needed to work somewhat harder than my companions without disabilities,’ says the 28-year-old. ‘But I at last feel like I’m while in transit to having what everybody longs for. ’ Pratt’s steadiness in setting aside cash is paying off; he intends to begin house chasing as ahead of schedule as 2013. Blatt 1) Jeremy is accomplishing his long lasting objective of purchasing a house loaded up with his specialty. He battled through his incapacity and got what he needed. The American Dream despite everything has request to American s today. Individuals despite everything make progress toward a superior life for themselves and their families. The opportunities of America take into consideration individuals to acquire their money related and enthusiastic dreams that they have ached for. Works Cited Blatt, Burton, Jeremy Pratt. Accomplishing the American Dream. February 5, 2013 Isango, Eddy. Impediments to the American Dream. February 3, 2013 Lesonsky, Rieva. The American Dream is Alive and Well-and Transformed. February 3,2013 Instructions to refer to The American Dream Reasearch Paper, Papers

Internalizing and Borderline Personality Disorder

Internalizing and Borderline Personality Disorder BPD Print Internalizing and Borderline Personality Disorder By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 21, 2019   JGI/Jamie Grill  / Getty Images   More in BPD Diagnosis Treatment Living With BPD Related Conditions Internalizing is a symptom of several mental disorders, including borderline personality disorder (BPD). If you are internalizing, this means you are keeping your feelings or issues inside and do not share your concerns with others.   If you frequently find yourself internalizing, you may show signs of low self-esteem, self-harm, and social isolation. Internalizing emotions can make you feel lonely and depressed, without anyone to relate to.  For many, people who internalize for a long time can make the issues larger, causing you to burst into a tirade or contemplate suicidal actions.  ? What Is Internalizing in BPD? Usually, when we think of someone with BPD, we may picture someone with intense emotions and reactions. He may be likely to get angry quickly or go into rages and often has very tumultuous personal relationships. However, many people with BPD do not act this way and instead internalize feelings. While they still meet the diagnostic criteria for BPD outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Illnesses, 5th edition, they will handle and display their symptoms differently than others.   Rather than throwing tantrums or yelling, you may internalize these urges, often hiding how much pain and sadness you are in.  You may feel like you dont connect to the outside world or do not fit into the larger group. Those who internalize are often viewed as introverted, withdrawn and more stoic than others with BPD.   You also may spend a lot of time trying to control your feelings or rationalizing your emotions. You may feel a lack of control which makes these symptoms feel even worse. Like others with BPD, you may feel confident about yourself one day and feel incompetent the next. This can worsen because you feel you can not share your insecurities with friends or loved ones.   Recovering From Internalization While BPD can be a debilitating mental disorder, it does have a good prognosis if you undergo treatment. It is possible to control your habit of internalization and manage your BPD symptoms in a healthier way. BPD is often treated with psychotherapy. Cognitive behavioral therapy and dialectical behavioral therapy are two common forms of psychotherapy used to successfully treat internalizing emotions and BPD. In therapy, you will learn how to stay in the moment and will begin to challenge your thoughts of yourself and others. You will learn coping skills to help you manage intense feelings and urges, improve relationships and prevent impulsive or destructive behaviors. While you go to therapy, your doctor may also recommend medications to help treat your symptoms. While no medication has been approved to date to treat BPD, some physicians opt to prescribe medication to help control anxiety, depression or  suicidal thoughts. If you or someone you know has BPD and is struggling with symptoms and internalizing emotions, its important to see a therapist specializing in BPD. By outlining concerns, common triggers and learning new coping mechanisms, your internalization and other symptoms of BPD can be better managed. This can help improve your relationships with others as well as heal your view of yourself. How to Deal With Low Self-Esteem When You Have BPD

Business Essays - Responsibility Volvo Company - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 14 Words: 4180 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Responsibility Volvo Company Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Marketing I. Background: According to Volvo (2007a) define that Volvo is wholly-owned subsidiary of Ford Motor Company since 1999 by together with Jaguar, Land Rover and Aston Martin, the company is part of the Premier Automotive Group (PAG) in the Fordà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s premium car division. Volvo Cars is a Centre of Excellence for Safety for Ford Motor Company, as well as a Centre of Excellence for Telemetric for PAG. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Essays Responsibility Volvo Company" essay for you Create order The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Volvoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ name is owned by Volvo Trademark Holding AB, which is jointly owned by Ford Motor Company and AB Volvo. Volvo Cars employs a total of about 25,553  people. The company sold a total of more than 427,700 new Volvo cars in 2006. The Volvo Cars head office, product development, marketing and administration functions are located in Goteborg. Its cars are marketed and sold by regional market companies and national sales companies in about 100 countries. The plan, development, proposition of the organisation: The Volvo car production plants are located in Goteborg and Uddevalla in Sweden and Ghent, Belgium. Pininfarina Sverige, Uddevalla is owned jointly by Pininfarina SpA of Italy (60%) and Volvo Cars (40%). Certain components are manufactured at their Swedish plants in Skovde, Floby and Olofstrom, while the company also operates small assembly plants in Malaysia and Thailand. Small amounts of Volvo cars were also assembled at Fords factory in South Africa. In addition, production of Volvo cars also started at Changan Ford Mazda Automobile Co., Ltd since 2006. (Changan Ford Mazda Automobile), Ford Motor Companys passenger-car joint venture in Chongqing, China.  (Reference1) In Volvo (2007a), it defined that Volvo had launched the new C30 which is a car for an active lifestyle in urban areas, thus making debut in the segment for two-door premium cars. The sales target is 65, 000 cars a year and 75% of the expected buyers will be in Europe. Volvo Cars also launched Flexi Fuel models powered by renewable bio-ethanol on several European markets during autumn. The green model range is also being extended and even Volvoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s new C30 will be offered with eco-optimised Flexi Fuel power. In Volvo (2007a) its cars Management Team decided to reinforce the organisation and governance processes for environment issues to be better prepared to meet future environmental challenges and thereby further strengthen the Volvo brand. Product related issues are governed by the Environmental Committee within the PSC (Product Strategy Committee). The Environmental Committee is headed by Sven-Erik Svensson and Lex Kerssemakers. It focuses on long term strategic product issues and to improve coordination between Product Development, BBPS (Brand Business and Product Strategy), Governmental, Legal and Public Affairs as well as seeking further synergies within FMC. All non-products related issues are governed by Steven Armstrong and the Environmental Committee w ithin the Operations Committee. This Environmental Committee will as well secure coordination with the above mentioned organisational units. Steven Armstrong and Lex Kerssemaker are also the management representatives for environment in the Volvo Cars Management Team, responsible for reinforcing the core value environment as well as fulfilment of the ISO 14001 requirements. The Volvo Cars overall responsibility for ISO14001 has been transferred from Research Development to Process and Operational Excellence for improved integration in the Volvo Cars BMS (Business Management System), which already has incorporated the Quality standard ISO 9001. As a consequence of the above, the Volvo Cars Environmental Council is hereby discontinued as well as the role Volvo Cars Environmental Director. In this case, Volvo has 3 different role levels which are carmaker, local player and global player. First of all, as a role of carmaker, Volvo found that their products used to produce noise a nd air pollution during the congestion, after that they were seek to reduce the problems with à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sustainable business strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, then they developed Lambda sensor, it reduced tailpipe emissions by up to 90%. The Lambda sensor was introduced into Volvo cars in1976 and now it is the standard of the industry. Another invention is the three point safety belt, which is a Volvo innovation that is now standard in every car in the world. Also, Volvo (2007b) describe that their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"factories use closed water cycles to reduce the consumption of fresh water and are equipped with advanced water treatment facilities, while residual products are treated in an environmentally compatible mannerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Next, as a global player Volvo (2006) suggest that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Our reputation allows us to attract expertise from around the world and source the best components that help us build the highest quality cars in the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ wh ich allow Volvo to produce better cars that are less damaged to the environmental. Furthermore, in 2000, Volvo signed the United Nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Global Compact initiative to work for human rights, establish good working conditions, take responsibility for the environment and combat corruption. However, as being the role of local player, the style of Volvo is totally different as global player, Volvo (2006) thinks that employees are the most important stakeholders. They have the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"responsibility to be an honest, transparent and active companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. They achieve this by à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"being a developmental, ethical and reliable employer, by contributing knowledge, and taking into account our environmental and social impact in purchasing, production and distributionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Also Volvo provides educational and cultural programmes to employees in an effort to foster the next generation of employees and strengthen the reputation of Volv o Cars. It is believed that Volvo is doing the correct things to build a step moving forward for the future. They educated the employees who enable them to develop, innovated, come up with fresh ideas and to produce quality goods that stick with their achievement which is care more about the environment The factors causing the environmental problem when supplying: Quality is an expression of our goal to offer reliable products and services. In all aspects of our operations, from product development and production, to delivery and customer support, the focus shall be on customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ needs and expectations. Volvoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s goal is to exceed their expectations. With a customer focus based on everyoneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s commitment and participation, combined with a process culture, our aim is to be number one in customer satisfaction. This is based on a culture in which all employees are responsive and aware of what must be accomplished to be the best business partner. An automobile is driven by people. Safety is and must be the basic principle in all design work this is a quote from the Volvo founders. A series of pioneering safety innovations has made Volvo a world leader in automotive safety over the years. The Volvo safety concept has evolved to encompass safety in a broader context safety in the interactio n with others on roads and in work situations, as well as improving comfort and working conditions for drivers and operators. A high standard of safety represents a major contribution to efficient transport. Environmental care is together with quality and safety a corporate value for the Volvo Group. Already in the mission statement, we state that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“we use our expertise to create transport-related hard and soft products of superior quality, safety and environmental careà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“. We all depend on transports and smoothly functioning transportation is one of the cornerstones of modern society. The distribution of daily supplies to people in cities, the trade between companies and the personal mobility are all examples of how dependent we are on transports. Volvo has a responsibility. The issue of what represents good or bad corporate social performance has been the subject of come confusion. This is mainly caused by a focus on activities rather than outco mes of activities that define performance (Woods 1991). The original social reporting movement of the 1970s died a swift death in the face of resistance from businesses who viewed it as another à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"stickà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with which regular alters could beat them. As one of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s biggest manufacturers of heavy commercial vehicles, Volvo bears a clear responsibility for reducing the environmental impact of its products. However, a long history of proactive environmental programmes has also provided us with an opportunity of strengthening both our own and our customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ competitiveness, while contributing to positive societal development. A long tradition of responsible business conduct and consistent effort under the headlines of quality, safety and environmental care form the foundation for social responsibility in the Volvo Group. The Volvo Group can be characterized as a decentralised organisation, but with common values. The approach to social responsibility actions and projects differs from country to country, depending on social security systems and other local conditions. The general reference document for ethical and social issues is the corporate code of conduct, including the issues contained in Global Compact. A new Code of Conduct was adopted by the Board of Directors in June 2003. It updates the old code from 1982 and is extended to be the general reference document for ethical and social issues. Geographically the green challenge forces companies to think internationally and globally to understand the socio-environmental impact of their products, production processes and sourcing policies. Economically it also forces them to think across industry boundaries. It cannot be understood or tackled from a nationalistic or a single across all industries, from those in the environmental implications, was demonstrated when the Code of Conduct is  committing to the principles of  the UN G lobal Compact. However the green challenge may also require marketers to abandon many of their preconceptions about their customer, their products and the nature of their market. The green challenge is emphasising the socio- environmental costs of products when marketers are used to focusing on the techno-economic benefits and their role in solving, rather than causing, problems for customers. The problem about what to do with discarded products, which used to be the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s problem, is now a challenge for the marketer. In some cases marketers are actively helping consumers to use less of their products à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a very novel concept for marketing. Let make more clearly by the Einsmannà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1992) explanation how when product managers championed the concept of a refill pack for Protector and Gambleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Lenor fabric softener: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“They had to overcome the conventional wisdom in the company: that the inconvenie nce of the refill packs would be unacceptable to consumers. Research closed the argument. Once refill were market tested, it was quickly apparent that the inconvenience of refillingà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ was more than offset by consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ satisfaction at reducing the amount of plastic waste that had to be put in the rubbish bag.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ The values which organisation has chosen to build into their brands in terms of its environmental footprint : Volvo perceives their company to be at the top of the market in the world of premium cars in terms of their environmental footprint. According to their President and CEO Fredrik Arc, In Volvo (2007c) says that Volvo is to be ranked as a leader in terms of Environmental care amongst the worlds premium car brands. This can be seen to be deemed a fact as in March 2003 Volvo became one of the first carmakers in the world to be awarded global certification under the international environmental standard, ISO 14001. Volvo has produced core values that are safety, quality as well as the environment. Volvo has realized the effect on the environment that they have so taken many measures in order to reduce these negative effects. In an Environmental policy Volvo (2007d) made by their President and CEO Fredrik Arc outlines the targets they want to achieve in order for them to reach their desired level of environmental care. It covers two main key targets to help improve environmental care a nd has targets for the aims that they want to be achieve for them, these are is stated below; Energy and resource efficiency Cutting emission of carbon dioxide and use of resources by: Continually improving fuel efficiency Increasing the recycled and renewable energy resources Increasing efficiency and reducing the production of waste in all their operation. Health-related technologies Reducing health and environmental risk caused by personal mobility: Developing emission control systems to reduce the impact of Volvoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s vehicles effect of the quality of air. Minimizing the use of materials harmful to human health or the environment. Avoiding asthma including and allergenic substances in their car interiors Minimizing, as much as they can of emissions to the air, water and the soil from their produced manufactured units. These policy targets are closely related to their values of environmental care and their believed responsibilities Volvo (2007e) and ties into what Volvo states are their corporate citizenship commitment, and their desire to become a responsible corporate citizen. Volvo has in order to achieve their environmental policies strived to make their cars and production methods as environmentally friendly as possible, Which says in Volvo (2007f) that in 1976 they created a Lambda sensor that reduced tailpipe emission by 90%. The Lambda system has now become standard in the industry. They also have amongst the cleanest production facilities in the world. They have significantly reduced the environment effects of car making, by reducing solvent emissions Volvo have also taken in careful practice across all aspect of their aftercare. Volvo continuously are trying to show corporate citizenship commitment as they continue to communicate with stakeholder and show responsibility in movemen t and the buying of their parts and they use of energy when producing their cars. They continue to look to improve efficiency of their vehicles and this can be demonstrated like their research such as when they produced their Lambda sensor. Volvo focus on making their production methods more environmentally friendly, Volvo (2007g) says they have reduced solvent emission from 30kg/car in the 70à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to 1.95kg/car in 2004. Volvo have reduced, as well eliminated a lot of harmful chemicals that are made in production. They constantly engage with and are trying to sustain their image of being an environmentally responsible organizations and are trying to build upon a good ethical reputation into their brand they say in a statement that enforce their responsibility to the environment and the reason the believe it is so much needed is because quoted from the Volvo website, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"because if we fail, the brand suffers and ultimately so do our salesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ . Volvo closely see their perception to be a ethical company to be a asset to their appeal towards potential customers and so ultimately a great differentiator against other premium car rival companies. But also taking an environmentally friendly act towards their production methods is done also according from Volvo to aid them to achieve a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"sustainable business strategiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. Basically it can be seen that Volvo uses their environmental approach as a way of them adding value to their products. Volvo has decided to adopt a favourable public image by taking the environmental stance that they have made. Volvo has taken the approach of establishing their environmental footprint approach as a pull factor to customers it will increase demand of their products in certain key market groups. Those who believe that they would want to be part of member groups such as people who believe they are environmentally aware such as members of Friends of the earth and other environmental groups. Also people who would have associative groups that also have a common interest in the environment. Their actions may lead to increased sales from these groups of consumers. Product life cycle: Every product has an impact on the environment throughout its lifecycle, from extraction of the raw materials to final disposal and recycling. For this reason, it is important to study its environmental impact from a holistic, lifecycle perspective. (Volvo k) A new Volvo car is a highly complex product whose environmental impact varies at different stages of its lifecycle. In order to cover the entire lifecycle, the EPI is divided into  six main areas. Many aspects of the products impact on the environment must be considered when mapping the life cycle of a car. The EPI enables us to grasp the entire life cycle, and to measure our progress as we work to develop more environmentally compatible products and services. In this way, we can: Show how we, our suppliers and our dealers are working to implement environmental management systems; Show how much energy is used to manufacture our cars, the quantity of solvents discharged from our plants and the efficiency with which the materials in the cars are utilized; Illustrate the emission levels generated by the cars when they are driven and how much fuel they use. This enables you to compare how much carbon dioxide is emitted and the quantity of hydrocarbons released by the cars fuel system as a whole; Specify the quantities of recycled non-metallic materials used in our cars; Describe which measures we have taken to develop a healthier in-car environment. Recommendation: In our opinion, Volvo is building the next step a bit slow behind, at the moment, it mainly focus on giving trainings to employees, which will take like 10 to 20 years time to achieve their statement to provide a leading techniques into the car that might lose the chance being a pioneer in the market. Furthermore, Volvo could co-operated with a chemistry organisation to develop a new source which can replace the fossil fuel, if it happened the citizens will not need to pay the petrol as high prices. Furthermore, In the past the customer satisfaction has been judged in terms of the performance of the product at the moment (or during the period) of consumption. An environmentally concerned consumer may reject product because they are made aware of the social or environmental harm that it causes in production or disposal. They may also avoid a product because of the activities of a producer, its suppliers or investors. The UK Green Party recently advised its members to avoid Eco ver detergent products, despites their environmental excellence. So now if the Volvo can apply a new concept of customer satisfaction they can satisfy the needs of the customer to identify the new product to target them. Finally, Volvo has a target for trying to ensure that their manufacturing of their cars and the cars they produce doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have too much of a detrimental effect on the environment. They have cleaned up their production methods as well as their engines over the years. But even doing all this there are other ventures that they could more into to help improve their environmental footprint. Many car and manufacturers have done ventures into producing electricity powered cars. These cars would not release toxic fumes that standard cars produce and emit into the atmosphere. Also while it may be expensive they could look more into renewable sources of energy in their factories such as solar and wind power. This would be a much cleaner production metho d, and less harmful to the environment. While these options are all viable there are expensive and may hamper productivity and may take time to implement. Appendix: Case study Our stakeholders include our customers, the communities in which we operate, employees and business partners à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" through dialogue and active investigation we gain insight into their reality. By identifying what is important for our stakeholders we can develop a complete corporate responsibility picture that defines our responsibilities in terms of our three important roles. Responsibility as a Carmaker As a manufacturer of cars we provide personal transport solutions that benefit individual freedom and wellbeing, as well as contributing to socio-economic development. However, Volvo Cars contributes to negative mobility issues such as congestion, noise and air pollution. It is our responsibility to ensure that we seek to minimise the negative impact of our products with sustainable business strategies. We have a long history of developing and incorporating features into our cars that benefit the community at large. One example is the Lambda sensor which, when it was introduced into Volvo cars 1976, reduced tailpipe emissions by up to 90%. The Lambda sensor is now industry standard. Another good example of how we share much of our knowledge is the three point safety belt, which is a Volvo innovation that is now standard in every car in the world. In order to understand our complex reality, it is necessary to constantly acquire knowledge and inspiration from outside the compan y. For instance, we have taken onboard the conclusions regarding the seven goals presented in Mobility 2030 within the framework of the WBCSD Sustainable Mobility Project. In our role as a carmaker it is crucial for us to identify product issues we need to work with. We achieve this through initiatives such as the Volvo Accident Research Team, Responsibility as a global company As a global brand and company we benefit from expanding markets worldwide. Our reputation allows us to attract expertise from around the world and source the best components that help us build the highest quality cars in the world. Through our supply chain network we extend our impact to incorporate our suppliers, their employees and the communities in which they operate. Our supply chain and dealer network provide us with almost global coverage. As a result, our global responsibility extends to everything that we buy and sell. By systematizing our work, we try to ensure that we and our business partners live up to high standards à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" regardless of geographical location. Our commitment to these issues can be seen in Volvo Carsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ stringent policies in our supplier agreements with regard to environmental controls, treatment of staff and human rights. In 2000, we signed the United Nationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Global Compact initiative to work for human rights, establish good working conditions, take responsibility for the environment and combat corruption. We identify our material issues in this area through global networks such as UN Global Compact Nordic Network, our stakeholder dialogues 2002-2003 and partnerships such as Biogas Cities. Responsibility as a local player As a local player, our most important stakeholders are our employees, the immediate communities where we operate and local authorities. We have a responsibility to be an honest, transparent and active company. We achieve this by being a developmental, ethical and reliable employer, by contributing knowledge, and taking into account our environmental and social impact in purchasing, production and distribution. As an employer, our responsibility is to provide a safe and healthy work environment. We contribute to the community through the support of research as well as educational and cultural programmes in an effort to foster the next generation of employees and strengthen the reputation of Volvo Cars. Our local environmental impact is something that Volvo Cars takes very seriously. As a result, our production facilities are amongst the cleanest in the world. As a local player, we define our material issues through our internal employee survey (Volvo Attitude Survey), local Stake holder dialogues and through our Governmental Affairs Department. Our responsibility Our vision is to be the most desired and successful premium car brand by creating the safest and most exciting car experience. This vision guides us in our daily work. Our brand is global and so is our influence, even though Volvo Cars is a relatively small company. Our roles can be defined on three levels: as a carmaker, as a local and global player. Our business objectives and our corporate citizenship commitments feed into each other. Our core values are safety, environment and quality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" all human-centric values. From our perspective, we do not just have responsibilities, we act on them. Therefore, our responsibility is to live up to these values à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" because if we fail, the brand suffers and ultimately so do our sales. In the end, it is our stakeholders that decide how well we shoulder our responsibilities. Our challenge is to continuously live up to their expectations. We actively engage our stakeholders in dialogue and use various channels, in a methodical way, to amass a wealth of information that helps us to be a responsible corporate citizen. Reference List Volvo (2007a) Global Reporting Initiative. Available at: https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/Sustainability/GRI/Profile.htm#2_1[Accessed: 20 November, 2007] Volvo (2007b) Cleaner From the Start. Available at: https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/environment/Production.htm[Accessed: 20 November, 2007] Volvo (2007c) Environmental Management Systems, Available at https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/environment/EnvironmentalManagementSystems.htm [Accessed 20 November, 2007] Volvo (2007d) Environmental Policy, Available at https://www.volvocars.com/NR/rdonlyres/B6FBA8E4-BE4E-4F57-90EC-11DEFC6A224C/0/Environmental_Policy_02.pdf [Accessed 20 November, 2007] Volvo (2007e) Our Responsibility, Available at https://www.volvocars.com/NR/rdonlyres/02E1D742-A4C8-445D-B936-7FF170AC49F7/0/respons.pdf [Accessed 20 November, 2007] Volvo (2007f) Environmental Tradition, Available at https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/environment/EnvironmentalTradition.htm [Access ed 29 November, 2007] Volvo (2007g) Cleaner from the Start, Available at https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/environment/Production.htm [Accesses 29 November, 2007] Volvo (2007g) Product life cycle, Available at https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/FactsandFigures/EnvironmentalProductInformationEurope/ [Accesses 12 December, 2007] www.volvo.com (2007) [Online] URL: https://www.volvocars.com/NR/rdonlyres/B6FBA8E4-BE4E-4F57-90EC-11DEFC6A224C/0/Environmental_Policy_02.pdf [Accessed: 10 December, 2007] www.volvo.com (2007) [Online] URL: https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/envirionment/EnvirionmentManagementSystems.htm [Accessed: 10 December, 2007] www.volvo.com (2007) [Online] URL: https://www.volvocars.com/corporation/envirionment/Production.htm [Accessed: 10 December, 2007] Pettie, K. (1995), Environmental Marketing Management: Meeting the Green Challenge, Pitman Publishing, London, chapter 2, 3 pages 36-37. Fuller, D.A. (1999), Sustainable Marketing , SAGE Kotler, P. (2005), Corporate Social Responsibility, Wiley and Sons

History of the Computer Industry in America - 2519 Words

â€Å"The Computer† It’s History and Spot in American Society â€Å"The Computer† It’s History and Spot in American Society It is not very often that a new invention comes about and touches every aspect of our lives. Such a device that changes the way we work, live, and play is a special one, indeed. A machine that has done all this and more now exists in nearly every business in the U.S. and in one out of every two households. This incredible invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, but its ancestors have been around for 2000 years. However, only in the last 40 years has it changed the American society. From the first wooden abacus to the latest high-speed†¦show more content†¦The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, especially for the military. New weapons systems were produced which needed trajectory tables and other essential data (Hitmill). In 1942, John P. Eckert, John W. Mauchley, and their associates at the University of Pennsylvania decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator. It could multiply two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memory. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of computers. It used 18,000 standard vacuum tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, used about 180,000 watts of electricity, and used punch card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to essentially re-wire it to perform whatever task the computer was required to do (Bellis). It was, however, efficient in handling the particular programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many applications from 1946 to 1955. Mathematician John von Neumann was very interested in the ENIAC. In 1945, he undertook a theoretical study of computation thatShow MoreRelatedFile Sharing and Online Piracy: How Does it Effect Copyrights? Is it Ethical?1535 Words   |  7 Pagescase settlements, and more years in federal prison then you could have ever imagined. â€Å"What have I done wrong? Am I really hurting anyone?† you ask yourself. Peer-to-peer file sharing is nearly a 15 year old action that creates a connection between computers across the world to share any types of files and information. 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Bus 610 Week 1 Free Essays

Michael Rush BUS 610 10/27/12 Complete Connect Exercise 1, Chapter 1 (p 13), 1. a. Interval b. We will write a custom essay sample on Bus 610 Week 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ratio c. Nominal d. Nominal e. Ordinal f. Ratio 2. a. Ratio b. Nominal c. Nominal d. Ratio 3. orangecountyregister. com Nominal- The sales of the Microsoft Surface allow for the measurement of Nominal data. When looking at the tablet market all of the sales are essentially a tally for the version or brand. The article looks at the sales which can be easily compared to other tablets in that market. Ordinal- The concept of ordinal measurement is directly represented in the idea of high school football. In the article it talks about the number one ranked Mission Viejo team. This is directly categorized as an ordinal unit of data. With having a clear ranking in terms of success, the first place team has a measureable gain over teams that would be in the lower rankings. Interval- Interval data can be found throughout the readings when it comes to weather. Weather is a great example of interval data. The temperature has a difference between values at a constant size and an easy ranking the temperatures for clear measurement. Additionally a zero does not have significance as in an absence of heat. Ratio- In the paper the Symantec Company was brought up. The article revolved around the earnings in the second quarter. This measurement is one of a ratio due to the fact that a zero value is meaningful. A company has the ability to be at zero and be factual. The data can be compared to different years or other companies. 4. a. Sample b. Population c. Population d. Sample Chapter 1 Practice Test for Part II, Problem #2 (p 20), 2. |Freshmen |Sophomores |Juniors |Seniors | |14 |18 |10 |6 | [pic] Chapter 2 Practice test for Part II, Problem 1 (p 54) 1. a. 30 b. 105 c. 52 d. 0. 190476 or 19% e. $165 f. Minimum= $120 and Maximum =$330 g. [pic] h. [pic] How to cite Bus 610 Week 1, Essay examples

Maddness In Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Maddness In Hamlet Essay Madness may be mental incapacity caused by an unmentionable injury. Such wounds often are not easily perceived but may be revealed in time of stress. Hamlets question, have you a daughter?(Act II. Sc2 182) Polonius about the Princes emotional state. What is hidden will surely be told to Cloudius by his adviser. Laertes search for revenge is sharper proof that madness in degrees of publicity causes harm to the observers. Claudius promise no wind of blame(Act IV, Sc.7,66) once Laertes kills Hamlet; perhaps this is what the uncle has sought all along for himself. Ophelia has a unique, very powerful form of madness; she seems caught as a bakers daughter,(Act IV, Sc. 5, 42) between memories of her father and Hamlet who ought have spokedn to her of events on Valentines day.(Act IV, Sc 5, 48) She is doubly hexed and the madness she has infects the whole court. Once a persons mental state has been studied in public, there is no telling the injuries which may affect the viewers. Ever since the death of King Hamlet young Hamlet has been what appeared to be in a state of madness. In a discussion between Hamlet and Polonius Hamlet questions Polonius by asking him have you a daughter.(Act II, Sc.2, 182) In this discussion Hamlet shows antic behavior towards Polonius by mocking him when Hamlet would usually show great respect for him because of he age and heis high position in the court. This sudden question to Polonius has caused Polonius to believe that Hamlet has a form of love-sickness and that Polonius is sure to tell Claudius of his condition. Hamlet also accuses Polonius of being the Jephthah, judge of Israel,(Act II, Sc.2, 399) meaning that Polonius would put his country in front of his daughter. Hamlet has now convinced Polonius that he is in a state of madness because he knows that Polonius cares for his daughter very much and would never put her second. By convincing Polonius that he has no consideration for the well-being of others, Hamlet is then hoping that Polonius will tell the court of his emotional madness. Unlike Hamlet, Laertes has developed a different kind of madness, a madness that is controlled by revenge. When Laertes is talking to Claudius, Laertes gets so much revenge building up inside him against Hamlet that Laertes now wants to cut his throat.(Act 4,Sc.7,125) Laertes behavior is caused by the sudden death of his father who was without a due ceremony, and his sister who has been driven mad, has contributed to the madness that is being built up inside Laertes. This madness grows even stronger when Claudius promises no wind of blame(Act IV.Sc7,66) when Laertes kills Hamlet. With Claudius being the puppet holder and Laertes being the puppet, Claudius turns Laertes into a savage beast to avenge for his fathers death; perhaps this is what the Claudius has planned all along. Laertes has a form of madness that is escalating because Laertes knows that he has the capabilities and motivation to act on what he believes on. Ophelia has a unique form of madness unlike Hamlets and Laertes because it a mixture of love and hate. An example of hate is when she sings about a bakers daughter.(Act IV,Sc.5,42) Ophelia is referring to the way her father used to treat her before the tragic incident of his death. A love within her madness is when she speaks about the events on Valentines day.(Act IV, Sc.5,48) When Ophelia speaks about Valentines day she is referring to the events of romance that she was denied. Ophelias madness is brought on by her lack of being able to demonstrate any maturity in trying to cope with her losses and in return can only inflict her madness on the court. .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 , .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .postImageUrl , .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 , .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:hover , .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:visited , .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:active { border:0!important; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:active , .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2 .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u54f58635a841a4aa8c867d34e1eff9a2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How To Get Out Of A Speeding Ticket Essay By stating that Hamlet could have controlled his fraudulent madness, he then had the capability of controlling his conscious mind into acting traditional. Where Laertes was very influential by others and had no real control over the mental state he was developing by the sway of Claudius. Ophelia was the most innocent victim of all because she was the side affect of everyone elses actions and had no idea that she was mentally disintegrating. It can be noticed that within each of these three people there can be no reassurance on what the affect they may have on others due to their mental state in public.BibliographyAbout HamletShakes peare Essays

Aloe Essay Research Paper AloeAloe Agave is free essay sample

Aloe Essay, Research Paper Aloe Aloe ( Agave ) is a genus of works that has more than 150 species. Agave is native to South Africa but has been brought to America and is best-known here as American aloe ( Agave Americana ) , or century works. An aloe works has a short root, fleshy, lanceolate foliages that form in rosettes at the terminal of each root, and red or yellow cannular flowers in dense bunchs. The different species of aloe differ in size from a few centimetres to more than 30 pess. The works merely blooms one clip between the ages of 10 and 25. When it eventually does bloom, the works grows a long chaff that grows quickly up to about fourty pes. The aloe works is really helpful in doing many medical specialties. The works is 96 per centum H2O and the remainder contains active ingredients including indispensable oil, amino acids, minerals, vitamins, enzymes and glycoproteins. Powered aloe juice ( sap ) is a laxative. We will write a custom essay sample on Aloe Essay Research Paper AloeAloe Agave is or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Modern therapists have used it since the 1930 # 8217 ; s. Many liquid wellness interventions are made, some uniting aloe juice with other workss and herbs. The juice is comforting to digestive tract annoyances, such as inflammatory bowel disease and peptic ulcers. Aloe vera gel is used to ; mend lesions, heal ulcers, and rush up the healing procedure of Burnss by seting a protective coating on the affected country. As a nutrient addendum, aloe is said to ease digestion, assistance in blood and lymphatic circulation, every bit good as kidney, liver and saddle sore vesica maps. Aloe contains at least three anti-inflammatory fatty acids that are helpful for the tummy, little bowel and colon. It of course alkalizes digestive juices to prevent overacidity # 8211 ; a common cause of dyspepsia. To do many of the medical specialties the works must be crushed or taken apart. Aloe vera gel is made by powderizing the whole foliages of the works. Aloe juice is made from the interior foliage. In decision, the aloe works is really helpful in medical specialty and everyone could utilize to hold an aloe works on manus. You neer know when you will acquire a bad sun-burn, with the aloe works all you have to make is interrupt off a foliage and hang-up the gel on your roll, it provides instant alleviation.

Gunpowder Facts, History and Description

Gunpowder Facts, History and Description Gunpowder or black powder is of great historical importance in chemistry. Although it can explode, its principal use is as a propellant. Gunpowder was invented by Chinese alchemists in the 9th century. Originally, it was made by mixing elemental sulfur, charcoal, and saltpeter (potassium nitrate). The charcoal traditionally came from the willow tree, but grapevine, hazel, elder, laurel, and pine cones have all been used. Charcoal is not the only fuel that can be used. Sugar is used instead in many pyrotechnic applications. When the ingredients were carefully ground together, the end result was a powder that was called serpentine. The ingredients tended to require remixing prior to use, so making gunpowder was very dangerous. People who made gunpowder would sometimes add water, wine, or another liquid to reduce this hazard since a single spark could result in a smoky fire. Once the serpentine was mixed with a liquid, it could be pushed through a screen to make small pellets, which were then allowed to dry. How Gunpowder Works To summarize, black powder consists of a fuel (charcoal or sugar) and an oxidizer (saltpeter or niter), and sulfur, to allow for a stable reaction. The carbon from the charcoal plus oxygen forms carbon dioxide and energy. The reaction would be slow, like a wood fire, except for the oxidizing agent. Carbon in a fire must draw oxygen from the air. Saltpeter provides extra oxygen. Potassium nitrate, sulfur, and carbon react together to form nitrogen and carbon dioxide gases and potassium sulfide. The expanding gases, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, provide the propelling action. Gunpowder tends to produce a lot of smoke, which can impair vision on a battlefield or reduce the visibility of fireworks. Changing the ratio of the ingredients affects the rate at which the gunpowder burns and the amount of smoke that is produced. Difference Between Gunpowder and Black Powder While black powder and traditional gunpowder may both be used in firearms, the term black powder was introduced in the late 19th century in the United States to distinguish newer formulations from traditional gunpowder. Black powder produces less smoke than the original gunpowder formula. Its worth noting early black powder was actually off-white or tan in color, not black! Charcoal Versus Carbon in Gunpowder Pure amorphous carbon is not used in black powder. Charcoal, while it contains carbon, also contains cellulose from incomplete combustion of wood. This gives charcoal a relatively low ignition temperature. Black powder made from pure carbon would barely burn. Gunpowder Composition There is no single recipe for gunpowder. This is because varying the ratio of the ingredients produces different effects. Powder used in firearms needs to burn at a fast rate to quickly accelerate a projectile. A formulation used as a rocket propellant, on the other hand, needs to burn more slowly because it accelerates a body over a long period of time. Cannon, like rockets, use a powder with a slower burn rate. In 1879, the French prepared gunpowder using 75% saltpeter, 12.5% sulfur, and 12.5% charcoal. The same year, the English used gunpowder made from 75% saltpeter, 15% charcoal, and 10% sulfur. One rocket formula consisted of 62.4% saltpeter, 23.2% charcoal, and 14.4% sulfur. Gunpowder Invention Historians believe gunpowder originated in China. Originally, it was used as an incendiary. Later, it found use as a propellant and explosive. It remains unclear when, exactly, gunpowder made its way to Europe. Basically, this is because records describing the use of gunpowder are difficult to interpret. A weapon that produced smoke might have used gunpowder or could have used some other formulation. The formulas that came into use in Europe closely matched those used in China, suggesting the technology was introduced after it had already been developed. Sources Agrawal, Jai Prakash (2010). High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics. Wiley-VCH.Andrade, Tonio (2016). The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-13597-7.Ashford, Bob (2016). A New Interpretation of the Historical Data on the Gunpowder Industry in Devon and Cornwall.  J. Trevithick Soc.  43: 65–73.Partington, J.R. (1999). A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5954-0.Urbanski, Tadeusz (1967),  Chemistry and Technology of Explosives,  III. New York: Pergamon Press.

Effects Of Society On The Development Of A Homosexual Research Paper

Effects Of Society On The Development Of A Homosexual - Research Paper Example However, the general attitude that the society has toward gay men or lesbian women continues to be negative. Most homosexual individuals do not get the support or acceptance that an individual of regular sexual orientation would get. This perhaps is the reason why most homosexual individuals are subject to a high degree of trauma and mental stress in the process of accepting and living with their sexual orientation. Majority of society believes that homosexuality is a choice, causing them to be judgmental toward those who experience same sex attractions. This paper discusses the effects of society on the development of a homosexual, analyzing the problems faced by them through different stages of life. In the beginning stages of life or during childhood, there are no traces or hints that would reveal sexual orientation, meaning it would simply not make sense to try and analyze the emotions and feelings experienced by a homosexual in the stages of childhood. Studies on the causes of homosexuality have not shown any connection between sexual orientation and history of sexual abuse. This would rule out the possibility that sexual abuse in early ages could be accounted in the process of understanding the causes of homosexuality, thereby making an analysis of the childhood face unnecessary and rather pointless. Sexual orientation would not be evident, nor will it be talked of or noticed at such an early age. The individuals would not realize it until later, while some others even live in conflict with their sexual orientation, unable to accept it or admit it. The stage where the individuals begin to feel or rather realize that there might be some difference in how they regard themselve s as a sexual being or the attraction that they feel towards a person is early adolescence. It is in this stage that slight changes occur in their emotions and feelings when compared to those who are heterosexual or straight. By this time however, the society has

Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Suicide - Essay Example Statistics show that the population at risk for suicide includes the age people who have recently failed at a venture or have lost a loved one and those who have failed at business. It is quite common for businesspeople to take their own lives when they fail at a business and hence incur heavy losses. Once they feel that they are unable to pay off their debts, they usually commit suicide. Further, among teenagers the suicidal tendencies are more particularly for those who have been rejected by someone who they feel that they have loved. These are the cases where passion plays a major role in the reasons for committing suicide. The signs to watch out for when people have an intention to commit suicide include loss of appetite, general withdrawal from social activities, a tendency to be inclined towards depression etc. Hence, the people around the potential suicide victim need to watch out for these signs and take preventive action before it is too late. It is usually the family or friends around the person who has suicidal tendencies who need to take the potential victim to a therapist or counselor and make him or her attend those sessions with a view to provide succor to them and deter them from committing suicide. Usually when a person commits suicide, it is the people around him or her who need to bear the pain of the loss of a loved one and particularly so considering that they might blame themselves for the victim’s behavior. Hence, it is contingent upon the family and friends to spot the symptoms early and take necessary action. Suicide and the act of taking one’s life represent an extreme form of behavior and hence, laws explicitly prohibit people from taking their own lives. Hence, not only is the act of committing suicide illegal but also immoral as well. It is ingrained in our nature to fight the

Does Palliative Care provide a peacefull death

Does Palliative Care provide a peacefull death Palliative care was traditionally considered something done just for the dying patient and patients with cancer, but times have changed. Today it is a form of care that can be administered to not just someone facing the end of life, but also to people with terminal illnesses. At the end of life many patients will receive palliative care and comfort measures which are intended to keep the patient comfortable with pain medications, turning, suctioning, oral care, etc. Comfort is something all nurses want to achieve for their patients. Comfort also means different things to different people; therefore it is difficult to gauge and deciphering concrete ways to provide comfort is not easy. In the acute care setting, researchers have focused solely on physical comfort care interventions for end of life, but research for interventions for overall holistic comfort care measures are lacking. This paper demonstrates that because comfort is the top priority for a dying patient receiving palliative care, holistic comfort measures that take care of the body as a whole should be achieved to ensure maximum comfort. The purpose of this evidence-based literature review was to explore health care providers and patients views on palliative and comfort care at end of life, examine current comfort care and palliative care practices and evaluate whether palliative and comfort care measures allow the patient to have a peaceful dying experience. Research indicated that the patients care needs to be individualized, that patients should be assessed, and personalized interventions implemented to ensure a holistic comforting dying experience. Palliative care order sets are helpful, but they are just a guideline or tool to help provide consistently good quality care. Hospice has been known for their excellent holistic comfort care for the dying patients, hospitals would benefit from learning some of their interventions and modifying them for use in the hospital. Some comfort interventions include music therapy, hand massage, utilization of visual analog scales such as the faces, and guided imagery to measure comfort. These methods are some of the ways hospitals can utilize the findings from the research into daily practice to ensure quality holistic patient comfort is achieved. Research Question Does the use of Palliative Care and comfort measures during End-of-Life provide the patient a more peaceful death experience? Relevance to Nursing Practice Research supports the need for providing holistic comfort measures using palliative care during end-of-life care. Registered nurses working in the acute care hospital setting along with Advanced practice nurses (APNs) and palliative care physicians should utilize the many other specialties such as integrative medicine to ensure holistic patient comfort. Palliative order sets are a great tool to help manage pain and anxiety levels but each patients comfort care needs to be individualized to fulfill their needs. Registered nurses need to make sure the patients comfort needs are addressed, so that the patient may have a peaceful dying experience. This Literature review advocates that holistic patient comfort during end-of-life is achieved by attending to its many physical, mental, and social states. Therefore, a nursing definition of comfort can be described as the physical and/or mental state of relief or contentment achieved as a result of holistic nursing interventions, which ensure a satisfying, peaceful, good dying experience. Review of Literature In Comfort Measures: A Qualitative Study of Nursing Home-Based End-of-Life Care, Waldrop and Kirkendall (2009) used a qualitative study method to survey employees from a 120-bed suburban, nonprofit nursing home. The researchers goals were to explore how their staff recognized a dying patient and to identify applicable standards of palliative care. The sample consisted of 42 employees, including nurses, chaplains, social workers, nursing assistants, housekeepers, and administrators. Employees in various roles were interviewed to provide multiple perspectives on the dying experience. The survey was a 30-minute interview conducted in a quiet location of the nursing home away from the nursing unit (Waldrop Kirkensall, 2009). An affiliated research assistant or investigator who has had training in conducting interviews and qualitative data analysis conducted the interviews. The interviewer asked the employees open-ended and objective questions about frequency and standards of care for dying patients and their families. All interviews were audio taped, transcribed by a professional transcriptionist, and labeled with a letter number combination (e.g., N[urse]-1). The transcripts were entered into Atlas ti software for data organization and management (Waldrop Kirkensall, 2009, p.720). The survey identified physical, behavioral, and social factors as the three main indicators of impending death. Physical indicators included altered breathing patterns (including apnea), anorexia, or increase in pain; behavioral indicators included mood changes and diminished activity level. Social indicators sometimes included withdrawal from interaction with staff or family (Waldrop Kirkendall, 2009). During the survey, the staff explained that comfort care is initiated when patients began to exhibit these signs. At this nursing home, standard order sets were not used and comfort care measures were described as being very patient-individualized and holistic. Comfort care includes an interrelationship of symptom management, family care, interpersonal relationships, and interdisciplinary cooperation in which each member of the healthcare team participates in the care of the patient, according to their scope of practice (Waldrop Kirkendall, 2009). The survey revealed that health care employees deliver comfort care in different ways. The study has several limitations including that it was conducted in only one nursing home, lacked direct physician perspectives, lacked family and resident opinions, and a possible response bias. This studys findings identified the need for more comparison studies to explore standards of care in other facilities. It also raised the questions whether or not palliative care includes comfort measures and how palliative care is defined across the healthcare settings (Waldrop Kirkendall, 2009). By further comparing nursing homes that use different models of care, comfort care standards and/or improvements can be made. This survey was conducted in a nursing home setting, but its results reflect on hospital end-of-life care. At the present time, the standard of care for dying patients in hospital settings usually consists of pre-printed order sets that are not individualized to the specific needs of the patient. This study promotes use of the holistic, individualized care approach to ensure a more satisfying and comforting dying experience. Jarabek, Cha, Ruegg, Moynihan, and McDonald, (2008) began a study within the Internal Medicine Residency Program at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. The researchers hypothesized that standard palliative order sets within a hospital setting would enhance physician comfort with managing 4 aspects of end-of-life care, pain, secretions, agitation, and dyspnea. A 5-question, pre-intervention web-based survey regarding physician comfort in diverse aspects of palliative care was given to 144 internal medicine resident physicians before the release of the palliative order set, which would later be used within the hospital. Each question included a 5-item Likert response scale, ranging from 1, very comfortable to 5, very uncomfortable(Jarabek et al., 2008). Three months later, an educational e-mail was sent to all house staff and faculty addressing end-of life-care along with the initiation of the order set, which consisted of physical ailment provisions. Another 3 months was spent allowi ng staff to use and or work with the order sets at which point a post-intervention survey was performed. Results of the post-intervention survey were that 88% had utilized the palliative order sets and 63% stated that they felt increasingly comfortable with palliative care (Jarabek et al., 2008). There was an overall 10% increase in resident comfort regarding the 4 aspects of palliative care with the initiation of order sets, but no change in social or communication-related comfort (Jarabek et al., 2008). One weakness of the General comfort Questionnaire (GCQ) is that each item is scored on a scale of 1 to 6 and not weighted based on importance to the patient. Some items are more significant than others in determining overall comfort level and the patients score on the GCQ as a whole may not be an adequate indicator of their overall comfort level. For example, if a patient answers 1, strongly disagree to the statement my body is relaxed right now, the patient will get 1 point for th e question, but if they score high on the rest of the GCQ, the results could show an overall high comfort level even though the patient is really uncomfortable and in pain. The GCQ is a very useful tool because it can be given to patients verbally if they are weak or lack dexterity. Because the survey addresses all aspects and levels of comfort it is a valid tool for nurses to use to make interventions to provide holistic patient care. The survey concluded that palliative order sets can increase physician comfort in providing care to patients during end-of-life, but it also revealed that the order sets do not address the psychosocial needs of the patient when providing comfort care. Although physicians find comfort in having order sets as guidelines for end-of-life care, they are only guidelines and open communication needs to be initiated between the health care team and the patient to ensure all the comfort care needs of the patient and family are met in a holistic way so that the y may have a peaceful dying experience. Teno et al., (2004) evaluated 1578 adult patients with different, chronic illnesses end of life experiences by surveying the decedents loved ones and determining whether their perspectives on quality end-of-life care were influenced by the environment where the patient spent their last 48 hours of life. A survey was devised from a conceptual model for patient-focused, family-centered medical care and the calculation of scores and psychometrics of the measures were taken from an online tool formulated by Brown University. Within 9 to 15 months from the time of death a close family member or informant whom was listed on the death certificate was surveyed and was asked about the quality of care their loved one received during their last 48 hours of life. Five different domains were used in the survey, including whether healthcare workers provided patient physical comfort and emotional support, supported collaborative decision-making with the physician, treated the patient with respect, attended to family needs, and provided coordinated care with other healthcare workers or facilities (Teno et al., 2004). Teno et al., (2004) concluded that 69% of the decedents site of death and last place to receive care was in a hospital or nursing home setting, 31% home, 36% without nursing service, 12% home nursing, and 52% home hospice. The survey showed that family perceptions of the quality of care were different according to where their loved one last received care. Families of patients who were in nursing homes or had home health had a higher rate of unmet needs for pain (Teno et al., 2004). Over half of the families in hospital or nursing home settings reported unmet emotional needs. In addition, 70% of families receiving home health care reported inadequate emotional support in comparison to 35% in families who utilized home hospice care. Patient and family respect was also a concern to families and varied in different settings. Only 68% of nursing home residents families felt they had been treated with respect and consideration compared to the 96% of families receiving hospice care (Teno et al., 2004). Survey participants felt that physical symptom management was adequately managed so it was comparably equal throughout all patient settings. Although families did not experience a difference in pain or dyspnea management in comparison to other nursing services families who used hospice services overall, 71% reported excellent care (Teno et al., 2004). The survey suggests that although patient care settings such as hospitals, home health, nursing homes all try to provide comfort care during end-of-life that it can be inadequate in meeting the emotional needs of the patient who is dying and their families. The survey supports the hypothesis that hospitals and other care settings need to start utilizing holistic comfort measures similar to the measures hospice incorporates to achieve psychosocial and emotional patient satisfaction and a comfortable dying experience. Kolcaba, Dowd, Steiner, and Mitzel (2004) identified the need for comforting interventions for patients at end of life that are simple, easy to learn and administer, and require minimal effort on behalf of the patient. Bilateral hand massage is a good intervention because it is noninvasive, easy to do, does not take long, and relies on caring/healing touch (Kolcaba et al., 2004). The purpose of their study was to determine empirically if a bilateral hand massage provided to patients near end of life twice per week for 3 weeks was associated with higher levels of comfort and less symptom distress. Thirty-one adult hospice patients from 2 hospice agencies participated in the study. Each patient was English-speaking and expected to remain alert and oriented for the duration of the trial, 13 months. Data collectors who were unknown to the patients called the homes of the patients, explained the study, and then scheduled an appointment for a research visit. Data was collected at the patients homes and at the hospice centers(Kolcaba et al., 2004). After informed consent, participants were randomly divided into the treatment group (with 16 patients) and the comparison group (with 15 patients). All participants were asked to complete a modified General Comfort Questionnaire (GCQ), tailored for end-of-life patients, once a week for 3 weeks. After completing the questionnaire each week, the treatment group then received the hand massage intervention twice a week for 3 weeks. The comparison group received the intervention once at the end of the study period. The researchers concluded that there was no significant difference between the treatment and comparison groups in regard to enhanced comfort or decreased symptom distress over time (Kolcaba et al., 2004). However, comfort did increase some in the treatment group even as the patient approached death. The study also revealed that the hand massage seemed to allow more time for therapeutic or face to face communication allowing the patients to talk about how they feel and their feelings on transitioning to death, and patients receiving the intervention reported it to be a personalized experience something they could engage in that feels good, and family members were appreciative of the care and attention their loved one was getting (Kolcaba et al., 2004). Because this intervention is easy to learn and requires minimal time for the caregiver to do and minimal effort for the patient it is an excellent intervention that can even be taught to the family. This study identifies interventions t hat can be used within the hospital setting and any other setting to enhance comfort during end-of-life. Nurses and family members can use this intervention to increase communication by using caring touch, which provide psychosocial care and therefore holistic comfort for the patient. Bakitas et al., (2009) using project ENABLE {[Educate, Nurture, Advise, Before Life Ends]} combined with a nurse-led intervention with ongoing assessment, coaching, symptom management, crisis prevention, and timely referral to palliative care and hospices hypothesize that patients newly diagnosed with advanced cancer if exposed to this intervention right away would become informed, active participants in their care, and would experience an improved quality of life, mood, and have better symptom relief. The study protocol and data and safety monitoring board plan were approved by the institutional review boards of the Norris Cotton Cancer Center and Dartmouth College in Lebanon, New Hampshire, and the Veterans Administration (VA) medical center in White River Junction, Vermont. All patient and caregiver participants signed a document confirming their informed consent.(Bakitas et al., 2009). Participants completed baseline questionnaires when they were enrolled and then completed a fol low-up one month later. Using a stratified randomization scheme patients and their caregivers were randomly assigned to the interventions or usual care group. One of 2 advanced practice nurses with palliative care experience conducted 4 structured educational problem solving sessions first one lasting 41 minutes and sessions 2 through 4 approx 30 minutes each and at least monthly telephone follow-up sessions until the participant died or the study ended (Bakitas et al., 2009) The advanced practice nurse began all contacts with an initial assessment by administering the Distress Thermometer, an 11-point rating scale recommended by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. It identifies sources of distress in the 5 areas of practical problems physical problems, family problems, spiritual, emotional problems or religious concerns. If distress intensity was higher than 3, the advanced practice nurses then identifies the sources of distress and checks to see if the participan t would like to problem/solve to take care of their issue. The nurse then covers the assigned module for that session. The participants clinical teams are responsible for all medical decisions and inpatient care management, however the advanced practice nurse was readily available by telephone for the participants and they could also facilitate ancillary resources. The participants also were able to participate in group shared medical appointments (SMAs), which are led by certified palliative care physicians. The usual care participants were allowed to use all oncology and supportive services without restriction. Follow-up questionnaires were mailed every 3 months until the patient died or study completion in December 31, 2007. Quality of Life was measured with a 46-item tool called the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy for Palliative Care. It measures the participants physical, social, emotional, and functional well being along with the concerns of a person whom has a life-threatening illness. Of 1222 screened, 681 were eligible and were approached and 322 were enrolled (47% participation rate). There were a total of 134 participants in the usual care group and 145 participants in the intervention group. A systematic review of specialized palliative care identified 22 trials (16 from the United States) between 1984-2007 with a median sample size of 204, half exclusively with cancer patients. There was lack of evidence due to contamination, adherence, and recruitment etc. The trial addressed these issues and contributed to the increasing evidence that palliative care may improve quality of life and mood at the end of life. In our study, intervention participants higher quality of life and lower depressed mood may be attributed to improved psychosocial and emotional well being. Mood is a determinant of the experience of quality of life and suffering despite a mounting burden of physical symptoms(Bakitas et al., 2009). However, while patients in the intervention group had improvement in these outcomes, we conservatively planned our original target trial enrollment of 400 based on a significance level of .01. Statistical inferences based on this stringent critical value would lead to the conclusion that there were no statistically significant differences between groups in quality of life or mood(Bakitas et al., 2009). A number of limitations were found in the study, first there was limited racial and ethical representation in the study, which recognizes the need for duplicate studies with more diverse populations. Second, the interviews were conducted by telephone, in-person interactions (such as those seen in another successful outpatient palliative care intervention study may have produced a more robust effect, particularly in reducing symptom intensity(Bakitas et al., 2009). In person consultation was not often feasible for the debilitated population whom usually live more than an hour away from the cancer center. More re search is needed on optimal care delivery systems for this population(Bakitas et al., 2009). The researchers concluded that compared with participants receiving usual oncology care those receiving a nurse-led, palliative care-focused interventions that takes care of the patient holistically provided at the same time with oncology care had higher scores for quality of life and mood, but did not have improvements in symptom intensity scores or reduced days in the hospital (Bakitas et al., 2009). Characteristics of Comfort Even though nursing scholars have extensively researched and described various aspects of comfort, perceptions of the characteristics of comfort vary from personal perspectives and situations. After reviewing literature and research relevant to achieving comfort, it is clear that its characteristics extend beyond its physical attributes and are indeed a state of ease, relief, and transcendence (Kolcaba Kolcaba, 1991). To achieve holistic comfort at end-of-life there needs to be patient participation to enhance comfort with the use of comforting interventions. Kolcaba et al. (2004) described a peace of mind with a reduction in undesirable dying symptoms as important indicators of comfort while researching the efficacy of hand massage in hospice patients. Nursing interventions at end-of-life should be individualized to the patient to meet their comfort needs, as comfort is vital in palliative care. Novak et al. (2001) postulated that comfort consist of holistic properties which includ e a soothing environment, social support, conflict resolution, and spiritual harmony. Waldrop et al. (2009) also proposed similar qualities he studied comfort measures in a nursing home setting and described comfort care as the combination of the integration of symptom management, family care, interpersonal relationships, and interdisciplinary cooperation. Comfort in this study was a result of holistic interventions focused on achieving enhanced patient comfort, thereby allowing a good death (Waldrop et al., 2009). Application of the Literature to Practice Findings from the literature and research support the need for providing holistic comfort measures using palliative care during end-of-life care. Registered nurses working in the acute care hospital setting along with Advanced practice nurses (APNs) and palliative care physicians should utilize the many other specialties to ensure holistic patient comfort. Palliative care nurses (PCRNs) are an excellent resource to consult for any questions regarding end-of-life care. Registered nurses need to make sure the patients comfort needs are addressed; they need to talk with the patient and their families to get a better understanding of their comfort level expectations. Palliative order sets are a wonderful tool with which to help manage physical discomfort, but Registered Nurses should assess the environmental, psychospiritual, and social comfort needs in order to create adequate interventions to help achieve enhanced holistic comfort. To achieve the physical aspect of comfort during end-of-life care pain medication can be prescribed, and to help relieve anxiety, ativan may also be given. Music is also a relaxation therapy that may also have a calming effect and can be encouraged to help bring relaxation, peaceful environment, and help the patient to forget their illness for a short time. To facilitate the psychospiritual aspect of comfort care the Registered nurse can consult a chaplain, social work, or a family therapist who can help the family and patient address the feelings of grief, fear, anxiety, and help promote resolving of family issues, which ultimately assists the patient in overcoming any negative feelings to gain closure and to achieve peace. The hospital room can be stressful, room lighting, dà ©cor, and music can be modified to help provide a more peaceful and soothing environment to relax and reflect during their last hours. The social aspect of comfort may be fulfilled by consulting social servic es to help provide support by addressing any communication issues within the family and helping the patient and their family fined courage and strength in times of need and despair. Using feedback from all the aspects of holistic comfort care is important in promoting consistent and continuous comfort during the patients dying experience. Registered nurses must determine the wishes of the patients for achieving comfort and using the many interventions the nurses should evaluate ad make adjustments accordingly. Providing holistic comfort care is an integral part of palliative medicine and it is continuously being changed to fit the needs of the patient and their families, and therefore is an excellent way to approach end-of-life care in the acute care setting of a hospital. Conclusions The research presented reveals while palliative care order sets provide a helpful guideline or tool which reassures health care providers in giving consistent good quality care, patients care needs should be assessed and individualized orders and interventions should be implemented to ensure a peaceful and comforting dying experience. Hospice care settings have been shown to provide excellent holistic care for dying patients and they have also been shown to show compassion to the family as well. The comfort interventions from these facilities can be modified for application in the hospital for use in the acute care setting. Holistic comfort care interventions include hand massage, music therapy, or the utilization of a visual analog scale the faces to measure comfort. These are some of the ways hospitals can utilize the findings from this research into daily practice to ensure quality holistic patient comfort is achieved and ultimately a peaceful death.

Article analysis for an Economics class Essay

If someone earns a sum of money, and saves it rather than spends it, then, in no way can a person be losing wealth if not for inflation, which prompts the prices of all goods and services to rise. One may see this as a trend among businesses to maximize their profits. In reality, the root cause of the problem is not with businesspeople, but the Federal Reserve System continuously adding more money into the economy. The article I have chosen to summarize examines the U.S. economy of today mainly the food and energy prices that have rose sharply since March 2003, which has prompted the Fed to concern itself with the onset of inflation. In reality, what triggers the rise in prices is an increase of money in circulation, which is a result of the actions performed by the Federal Reserve. The Federal Reserve, being the government agency responsible for printing the nation money supply, determines how many dollar bills are put into circulation. The dilemma arises because, when more money is added into the economy and an individual has not spent any of it, the person is now poorer in relation to everyone else than they once were. Adding more money into the economy dilutes the value of each individual dollar, thereby decreasing its purchasing power. The article states that the price index gained larger than expected .3 percent, which adds to the inflation anxiety on Wall Street (Freilich). Inflation, however, tends to hurt the poor far more than it does the rich. For example, if a woman retires with four thousand dollars saved up, and the cost of a decent living is five thousand, then she only has eighty percent of what she needs to survive. Then, a year later, if there is one hundred percent inflation, then the necessary cost of living becomes ten thousand dollars. Even if that woman still had four thousand dollars, she would now have only forty percent of what she needed. Though they often have been blamed for inflation, businesses themselves are victims of inflation, as each company sees the costs of all of its resources rising. Retailers pay rising costs to distributors, who pay a rising cost to suppliers, who pay a rising cost for their resources. If a businessperson does not raise the prices of the merchandise, while the prices of resources  are rising, then he or she will have to reduce profits or cut back on much-needed supplies and services to maintain the company, which, in the end, could mean less business and still result in less revenue. Thus, inflation necessitates that businesses raise prices and employees demand higher wages, which often takes place in a random fashion. The article further states that prices received by farms, factories and refiners gained sharply to 0.8 percent last month, the largest jump since March 2003. Additionally, the Labor Department said first-time filings for state jobless aid fell 15,000 to 336,000 in the week ended June 12, their lowest level since early May. Increase in prices and an improved job market suggests that the U.S. economy’s momentum is likely to build in the coming months. The article adds stating that in addition to the growing economy, the dollar first rose against the euro and prices for U.S. government bonds fell, pushing yields up. Investors are worried about inflation pressure because stocks slipped, in part because of inflation concerns, but also due to news of more deadly bloodshed in Iraq. Inflation is understood that when governments print plenty of money and spend considerably, watch out for rising prices to continue. However, the volatile stock market and with elections coming soon, I believe to expect the unexpected. References Freilich, Ellen. Data Puts Inflation in Focus. Retrieved online Jun 17, 2004 Website: http://www.reuters.com/financeNewsArticle.jhtml;jsessionid=0RS0105W2AE4ECRBAEKSFEY?type=businessNews&storyID=5450085

Feature Article – Disrespect for Authority

Part of our culture there has been many ideas to what the Australian narrative has become. Disrespect for authority is a very prominent idea that is still extremely vibrant in the nation today. This idea is one of many ideas that are helped to define the Australian Narrative. Disrespect for Authority to Australians is renowned to someone who ‘crosses the line’ or ‘bends the rules’ for their benefits. This idea to Australians is so deeply embedded in our culture and heritage that we don’t even realise its happening.This obliviousness to, and blind acceptance of, the existence of anti-authoritarianism is by far the most dominant perception of the matter within our society. A distinguishing feature of an Aussie, who disrespected authority, can be taken back to one of our nation’s true old time legends. We all know the tales of Ned Kelly, one of our heroes from the late 1800s. This ‘legend’ was known for his courage, boldness, and bad boy behavior. Ned murdered and stole, but we still over look those negative results of his behavior, and celebrate his willingness to stand up for him self.Ned was forced into taking such actions because of the unfair treatment both him and his family had received from those in authority. It is only definite that Ned Kelly was a man who ‘bends the rules’ for his benefits, and he became famous for it. This then raises the question, is it right for Australia as a nation to celebrate such awful actions. Those ethics, such as standing up for self rights and boldness from Ned Kelly have echoed through time, leaking into our culture through numerous texts.They have also found their way into our more contemporary culture, where they have flourished through the minds of many Australians. Take the film Chopper for example; no doubt this film is a prime illustration of an Australian character that disrespects authority. Eric Banner plays the character of Chopper Reid in the film; his life story is replicated perfectly that consists of continuous lack of respect and courtesy towards authority. On numerous occasions Chopper committed to what we see as some of the worst crimes.He harmed those to what he saw as reckless criminals or other terms someone who killed for no reason. However, because of the fact that he was doing it for so called ‘good reasons’ we Australians over look that and celebrate Chopper as an Aussie icon. A prominent motive of the Australian way is having the ‘whatever’ attitude towards authority and people who are working for authority. Many Australians encourage the idea of disrespect for authority. This idea in the Australian narrative has become a continuous pattern in many Australians live.Now we have all heard of the party boy Corey Worthington, well believe it or not this young man is another classic example of a more contemporary person who has shown disrespect to authority. Corey Worthington hosted a wild p arty that consisted of approximately 500 youths. Not only did this uproar show disrespect to his parents, but to reporters, the law and other residents in the area. The teenager’s actions were no doubt reckless, though he considered himself a ‘legend’ for disobeying authority. Corey may have copped a $20,000 fine, but that became nothing to the praise the nation was giving him.Instead of being punished he was showered in numerous job offers, fame and many other opportunities. Corey Worthington took advantage of disrespect towards authority and was then celebrated for it. Disrespect for authority has been prominent in the past and present times and most likely to keep going onward to the future. Those who have disrespect for authority are worshiped for there actions and now days receive little to no penalty. Australians see this trait as an acceptance to our behavior as it has been embedded in the minds throughout many generations.